Does hidden AI use cost more trust when exposed?
When AI use is discovered after being kept secret, does trust decline more steeply than if disclosed upfront? The question matters because it suggests concealment may carry hidden risks beyond the initial disclosure penalty.
Schilke and Reimann's second claim is that hiding AI use is riskier than disclosing it, once others find out. The excerpt says: "If you're using AI on the job, the cover-up may be worse than the crime. We found that quietly using AI can trigger the steepest decline in trust if others uncover it later. So being upfront may ultimately be a better policy." The authors present this as a finding in its own right, separate from the disclosure penalty, and they frame the choice as a dilemma: users can "embrace transparency and risk a backlash, or stay silent and risk being exposed later – an outcome our findings suggest erodes trust even more."
The excerpt gives no mechanism for this finding. The reasoning it offers, that people still expect human effort, is attached to the disclosure penalty and is not extended to concealment. It also does not say what "steepest" is measured against: it names no comparison condition, no size of the decline, and no indication of whether this result comes from the same 13 experiments as the disclosure penalty. The phrase "even more" is the authors' comparison, made without figures in the passage.
The finding sits on top of the disclosure penalty in Does disclosing AI use damage how trustworthy you seem?, which is why the two should be read together. Disclosure costs trust; silence avoids that cost in the short run but adds a larger one if the hidden use surfaces. Does revealing AI identity help or hurt user trust? describes a parallel failure of concealment, through a different route. In that study, hidden identity produces no learning at all, because selectors "cannot attribute outcomes to partner type." Together the two notes describe concealment failing in two ways: it blocks the calibration that could repair disclosure's cost, and when the hidden use is discovered, it costs trust sharply. The settings differ, since the earlier study concerns partner choice in a hybrid society and this excerpt concerns workplace self-report, so the link is between parallel mechanisms, not between one shared result.
What the excerpt does not establish is how often hidden AI use is discovered, or whether exposure costs more than disclosure in absolute terms. The authors assert the comparison without reporting figures, and they do not say whether the trust loss from exposure recovers over time. The excerpt also does not test any of the three policy options it lists, so "may ultimately be a better policy" is a tentative implication, not a tested recommendation. The reading the evidence supports is narrower than a verdict for upfront disclosure: in the settings the authors studied, discovery is a real cost of silence, and that cost makes the choice between disclosing and concealing less one-sided than the disclosure penalty alone suggests. It does not establish that disclosure wins overall.
Inquiring lines that read this note 14
This note is a source for these research framings, grouped by the broader line of inquiry each explores. Scan the bold lines of inquiry; follow any specific question forward.
Why do confident AI outputs mislead human trust calibration?- Does trust loss from AI exposure recover over time in workplaces?
- Can repeated exposure to AI outcomes repair the disclosure trust penalty?
- Does the trust penalty from AI disclosure fade with repeated exposure?
- Why does disclosure of AI involvement sometimes raise trust instead of lowering it?
- Does disclosing AI use in professional services damage client trust and credibility?
- How often does hidden AI use actually get discovered in practice?
- Who is most affected by the transparency penalty when AI is disclosed?
- How do organizational policies on GenAI affect whether workers hide or reveal their use?
Related concepts in this collection 2
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Does disclosing AI use damage how trustworthy you seem?
When people learn you used AI to create work, do they trust you less? Schilke and Reimann tested this across 13 experiments with over 5,000 participants to understand whether transparency about AI reliance backfires.
sibling note: the disclosure penalty that this concealment finding is weighed against
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Does revealing AI identity help or hurt user trust?
Explores whether transparency about AI partners in interactions creates bias or enables better judgment. Matters because disclosure policies affect both user experience and fair evaluation of AI systems.
parallel mechanism: hidden identity blocks the learning that would repair disclosure costs, in a different setting (partner choice rather than workplace self-report)
Related papers in this collection 8
Papers most semantically related to this note, ranked by cosine similarity in the embedding space.
- Being honest about using AI at work makes people trust you less, research finds
- Humans learn to prefer trustworthy AI over human partners
- Toward Meaningful Transparency for AI Chatbots: Disclosing Persuasive Intent Reduces Persuasion
- Machine Bullshit: Characterizing the Emergent Disregard for Truth in Large Language Models
- What Influences Readers' and Writers' Perceived Necessity of AI Disclosure?
- Can We Trust AI Explanations? Evidence of Systematic Underreporting in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- AI Peers Exert Social Influence on Human Dishonesty in Groups
- Assistant or Actor? Student Trust, Control, and Delegation Regret When Using a General-Purpose AI Agent
Original note title
Schilke and Reimann find that AI use kept quiet and later uncovered produces the steepest decline in trust — the cover-up may be worse than the crime