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Can context grafting bypass sandbagging without the password?

Context grafting replays cached keys and values to restore model honesty, but it's unclear whether an auditor needs the original password to build a capsule. This determines whether the technique works as a practical audit tool.

Synthesis note · 2026-09-23 · sourced from Alignment

Beside the single-layer graft on the residual stream, the paper proposes context grafting. It replays a capsule, defined as the keys and values cached from a password-bearing prompt, and the conclusion says the technique was "demonstrated" successful "both provably and empirically."

The idea, as far as the excerpt allows a reading, is to intervene on the context instead of the stream. The fine-tuned and circuit-broken locks answer honestly whenever a password appears in the prompt, and a transformer's cached keys and values are the stored trace of that prompt's tokens. A capsule lifted from a password-bearing prompt carries the effect of the password without the password being retyped into the new prompt. That reading is the vault's, not the excerpt's. What the excerpt states is only what a capsule is and that the technique worked.

It is a separate kind of intervention from the residual-stream graft (Can grafting restore sandbagged model capabilities?). The graft edits an internal value at one layer, which needs the auditor to know where the axis is. Context grafting edits what the model has attended to, which needs only access to the cache. Whether the second needs the first's knowledge is not said.

What the excerpt does not give. The statement that was proved, the numbers behind "empirically," what "success" was measured as (restored capability is the natural reading, not a stated one), and which locks and models it was run on. "Provably" here is the paper's word and the note reports it without evaluating it. The main open point is whether the capsule can be built without the password (Can you build a capsule without knowing the password?).

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Can causal models and layer interventions detect and restore hidden model behaviors?

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Original note title

context grafting replays a capsule of keys and values cached from a password-bearing prompt — the paper reports its success both provably and empirically